O que se bebe; o que se pensa
Saúde, ideologias e práticas no consumo de bebidas energéticas entre jovens
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17398/320-365.3.159Palavras-chave:
Bebidas energéticas; jóvenes; motivaciones; práctica deportiva; salud pública.Resumo
Introdução: O consumo de bebidas energéticas aumentou de forma significativa entre a população jovem, gerando preocupação quanto aos seus possíveis efeitos sobre a saúde e à perceção social da sua inocuidade.
Objetivos: O estudo aqui apresentado investiga as ideologias e representações que motivam o consumo de bebidas energéticas (BE) entre jovens, avaliando possíveis apreciações erróneas e/ou a falta de ação efetiva por parte dos agentes de saúde.
Método: Investigação de caráter misto, qualitativo e quantitativo. A análise quantitativa utilizou a escala CaffEQ em 246 participantes espanhóis (14–30 anos, desportistas e não desportistas), através de uma amostragem intencional. Do ponto de vista qualitativo, realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas a 14 participantes, explorando ideologias e motivações de consumo, o que torna este estudo pioneiro no contexto espanhol.
Resultados: Os resultados evidenciam um baixo reconhecimento do possível risco de dependência, apesar da presença de desejos frequentes e de experiências subjetivas de necessidade de consumo. 96% dos participantes não se considera dependente. No entanto, a análise qualitativa revela uma tendência para minimizar esse risco. Em termos emocionais e sociais, embora a maioria não percecione efeitos positivos significativos, 37% reconhece melhorias ocasionais do estado de ânimo. Os relatos complementam e aprofundam estes achados, sugerindo uma relação complexa entre perceção, hábito de consumo e riscos subvalorizados.
Conclusões: Destaca-se a necessidade de reforçar a educação em saúde entre os jovens sobre os riscos do consumo de bebidas energéticas, bem como de envolver ativamente os profissionais de saúde na sua prevenção. Propõe-se regular o patrocínio desportivo por parte desta indústria e fomentar a investigação para compreender melhor as suas causas e efeitos.
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